A hemispheric dome, clad in more than 1,500 RHEINZINK-prePATINA® graphite-grey flat-lock tiles, prominently crowns the new planetarium's roof at Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) Museum of Science and Curiosity (MoSaC, pronounced "moe-sack"). The project is anticipated to open Nov. 13, 2021. In September, it was honored with a 2021 Best Real Estate Projects of the Year award by the Sacramento Business Journal.

MoSaC's new facility is set on approximately 5.38 acres overlooking the Robert T. Matsui Waterfront Park. Demonstrating its commitment to natural and built environments, the museum is pursuing LEED Gold certification through the U.S. Green Building Council for its energy-efficient, sustainable design and construction.

Conceived and realized by the Sacramento-based team of Dreyfuss + Blackford Architecture (D+B) and Otto Construction, the iconic design/build project reimagines a historic riverfront power station as a hub for science education, exploration and advancement in the Sacramento region.

Part of a redevelopment plan in downtown Sacramento, the $83 million museum is housed within the 30,000-square-foot structure of a 1912 power station. A Landmark building listed on the National Register of Historic Places; the Pacific Gas & Electric Company's Power Station B has remained vacant since it was decommissioned in 1954. At one time, it was the largest power plant north of San Francisco.

Fully renovated and expanded, MoSaC allows ample space for STEAM – science, technology, engineering, art and math – programming and exhibits. The new two-story, 22,000-square-foot addition contains the museum's classrooms, offices, a café and the 120-seat planetarium.

Natural Fit
The planetarium's domed addition required a base steel ring positioned exactly at a 5-degree tilt and 5-degree rotation, according to Otto Construction. The dome's roof consists of structural steel, double light-gauge metal framing walls, a layer of fiberglass mat gypsum roof cover boards, and two layers of plywood covered by RHEINZINK AIR-Z® matting and prePATINA graphite-grey zinc tiles.

Sheet Metal Supply, Ltd. (SMS) provided specialty contractor Rua & Son Mechanical with approximately 3 tons of 0.8mm RHEINZINK-prePATINA graphite-grey architectural zinc with factory-applied RHEINZINK ProRoofing backside coating, plus the structured matting. Rua & Son fabricated and installed 1,570 tiles to clad the dome.

"As a RHEINZINK systems partner, we make sure the material is available and in stock, so we always have what our customers need," said Lisa England, project manager at SMS.

SMS vice president, Ben Kweton, CSI-EP, agreed and added, "We strive to make sure the customers have a great experience with RHEINZINK. We partner with our clients throughout the process to make sure they have all the tools they need for a successful installation. The [MoSaC planetarium] is a wonderful example of this symbiosis."

To ensure an accurate, aesthetically pleasing result, Rua & Son Mechanical teamed with RHEINZINK and Otto early in D+B's design of the planetarium's roof. "About a year before there were boots on the ground, we were meeting with the architect and Otto to review what zinc can and cannot do, what colors are available and other considerations," said Louie Rua, president of Rua & Son Mechanical.

"The design called for metal with a natural look. Painted metal looks painted. Zinc delivers the natural look and patina, and its soft pliability takes the shape of the roof better and really hugs the curve," explained Rua.

"RHEINZINK has a long history of being used for complex curvatures thanks to the material's exceptional mailability," said Richard Strickland, regional sales manager with RHEINZINK America.

Smooth and Symmetrical
Rua noted that his team and RHEINZINK also offered recommendations to avoid "oil canning," where the metal surface looks wavey and uneven. "This can be more noticeable depending on the size of the panel, the thickness of the metal material, and any inconsistencies in the dome's construction and underlying surface."

"Each row is a little different," observed Rua. "First, we used CAD to visualize the layout on the screen. Then, we worked with Otto to build a 20-by-20-foot physical mock-up that replicated the dome about half-way up. These models allowed us to play with the panels' thickness, sizes and dimensions. This helped us make sure they didn't oil can and were not too small at the top or bottom."

To maintain an overall symmetrical appearance, the zinc panels were trapezoid shaped and uniformly proportioned for each row, but were sized larger at the bottom of the dome and smaller at its top. SMS provided coils of 0.8mm RHEINZINK-prePATINA graphite-grey, which Rua's team then precisely fabricated as custom-sized, custom-tapered panels under factory-controlled conditions.

"We put Elias Valencia, our shop foreman for over 20 years, on this project. Using our computerized folding and shearing equipment, he made every one of those panels – from the 32-by-18-inch ones on the bottom of the dome to the 9-by-18-inch ones on the top," praised Rua.

He continued, "The panels then went to two of our most experienced zinc guys in the field, Robert Kahaunaele and Anthony Sullivan, who have installed many tons of zinc over the years. Because access was challenging, they often worked off a 135-foot-tall boom lift. They worked together in sequence, row by row, from bottom to top. At the end of the row, a specially formed, interlocking panel zips them together at the back so everything matches. Otto paid careful attention to the dome's construction. The zinc panels went on flat and tight for a smooth, symmetrical appearance. It turned out great."

Rua added, "We like to take on these trickier projects. We've been doing zinc for about 15 years and have done a large number of projects with RHEINZINK."

Sustaining Performance, Evolving Patina
European buildings have relied on zinc's natural beauty, corrosion-resistant performance and proven longevity for centuries. Supporting LEED criteria and sustainable goals, RHEINZINK's architectural zinc material has a potential lifespan of 100 years or more with minimal maintenance. At the end of its use on the planetarium, the natural zinc material is 100% recyclable.

Made in Germany, RHEINZINK introduced its zinc alloys to North American in 1992. Demonstrating its quality and durability, RHEINZINK's products have received ASTM approval per the B69-20 Architectural Rolled Zinc Type 1 and Type 2. Currently, RHEINZINK is the only manufacturer with a Type 2 designation, which was received for its prePATINA graphite-grey alloy. RHEINZINK-prePATINA products are specially processed to achieve their natural, pre-weathered patina during production. Over time, their natural finish will continue to patina.

Strickland continued, "These resilient, sustainable materials are paired with the only naturally pre-weathered surface in the industry. Our unique prePATINA graphite-grey Type 2 zinc used for MoSaC's dome contains slightly more copper, which promotes a darker patina compared to other architectural-grade zinc."

Under the RHEINZINK-prePATINA graphite-grey zinc tiles, AIR-Z structured matting creates an air space to manage moisture and a thermal break to manage unwanted heat gain. These attributes contribute to an energy-efficient facility and a comfortable interior for visitors. Beneath the dome, six digital projectors with multiple speakers present a state-of-the-art immersive experience.

Blending Past and Future
For 15 years, D+B and Otto Construction collaborated on project iterations intended to preserve the historic integrity of the building, while respectfully expanding it for the community's beneficial use. Otto managed the facility's carefully phased rehabilitation, renovation and construction. Funding was secured in 2011. A groundbreaking celebration was held in May 2018. Construction was completed in 2021.

Ready to open, MoSaC's resulting multi-volume structure combines the existing Beaux Arts Classical Revival Style of the prior power station with the contemporary design of the modern addition's exterior. The zinc-clad roof of the planetarium rises above the building's interconnected mass.

The facility blends past and future, recognizing the original building's purpose as a power station and the technological advances of energy production. Formerly known as Powerhouse Science Center, the nonprofit educational institution updated its name to MoSaC in conjunction with its move to the larger facility, approximately 8 miles away from its previous location.

For more than 60 years, Powerhouse has helped sparked "aha" moments for its 70,000 annual visitors. MoSaC continues to build on the institution's mission "to engage and inspire people of all ages to explore the wonders, possibilities and responsibilities of science." Future attendance to the new high-tech, hands-on, science museum is anticipated to attract approximately 250,000 visitors a year.

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Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) Museum of Science and Curiosity (MoSaC) - Planetarium; 400 Jibboom St., Sacramento, CA, 95821; https://visitmosac.org
• Owner: SMUD MoSaC; Sacramento, California
• Architect: Dreyfuss + Blackford Architecture; Sacramento, California; https://www.dreyfussblackford.com
• Design-build contractor: Otto Construction; Sacramento, California; https://ottoconstruction.com
• Zinc roofing contractor: Rua & Son Mechanical Inc.; Rocklin, California; https://www.ruainc.com
• Zinc material distributor: Sheet Metal Supply Ltd.; Grayslake, Illinois; https://sheetmetalsupplyltd.com
• Zinc material – manufacturer: RHEINZINK; Woburn, Massachusetts; https://www.rheinzink.us
• Photos by: Kyle Jeffers Photography
• More photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dreyfussblackford/albums/72157624930791799
• Construction video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk8Vhd6OYMw

RHEINZINK America, Inc. led the introduction of architectural zinc in North America and continues to offer one of the industry's most reliable, trusted brands. Its portfolio of products includes RHEINZINK-CLASSIC® bright rolled, RHEINZINK-prePATINA® blue-gray and graphite-gray, RHEINZINK-artCOLOR® in an array of colors, RHEINZINK-GRANUM® basalte and skygrey; and RHEINZINK-PRISMO® color-pigmented, architectural-grade zinc options.

Architects and contractors are supported by unparalleled customer service and technical assistance. RHEINZINK is readily available through an established network of qualified distributors and systems partners across the United States, Canada and Mexico. Ideal for roofing, façade and wall cladding systems, gutter and interior applications. RHEINZINK is environmentally friendly, 100% recyclable and offers a potential lifespan of 100 years or more. For more information on RHEINZINK, call 781-729-0812 or visit https://www.rheinzink.us.

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